Forensics- Narcotic Drugs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Forensics- Narcotic Drugs - Research Paper Example In addition, the paper will examine the process of presentation of exhibit in a law court, especially in cases that involve drug abuse. Further, the paper will analyze the use of evidence to facilitate prosecution or acquittal of individuals with criminal charges. The detection of drug abuse in body fluids, blood, tissues, and corpses is a common procedure done in forensic laboratories. Agencies that perform forensic examination of evidences in law enforcement include the FBI, the NIDA, and the DEA and Justice departments (Lowney, 1994). These agencies control, regulate and classify drugs that are commonly abused and investigate cases that relate to drug abuse. Narcotics are drugs that occur naturally in poppy seeds or opioid substances that are semi-synthetic; the medical purpose of these drugs is to relieve pain in patients  suffering from terminal ailments like cancer (Lowney, 1994). The concept narcotic means a state of sluggishness or lethargy and these drugs are significantly essential in the medical field when used as per the physician’s directions. However, these drugs may find their way into the black market where they mix with a wide range of drugs, which could be poisonous (Lowney, 1994). The ills associated with drug use make the concept of narcotics lose social acceptability. As a result, the legislature has criminalized the use of narcotic drugs. Drug users experience confrontations from various laws and law enforcement agencies, which strive to stop the use of drugs and avoid the criminal cases associated with drugs use and abuse (Brickey, 1995). Drugs and crime share an intimate relationship, as most criminals are drug dealers while others use drugs for courage that helps to commit crimes comfortably. Drug addicts can kill people and rob them off their money to buy drugs. Therefore, crime results from drugs and crime causes drugs use while both crime and drugs have strong connections to social forces. Drugs are classified into three

A critical study of credit risk management in the First Bank of Dissertation - 1

A critical study of credit risk management in the First Bank of Nigeria PLC - Dissertation Example In designing the credit policies, due considerations are given to the commitment of the bank which involves: Creating, monitoring and managing credit risk in a way that complies with all the applicable laws and bank regulations (Basel III: A global regulatory framework for more resilient banks and banking systems, 2010) Identifying the credit risk in every investment, loan or in other activities of the Bank (Risk management disclosure, 2011). Utilizing appropriate, accurate as well as timely tools to measure the credit risk in every department (Risk management disclosure, 2011). Adopting a risk-based approach in determining the appropriate pricing strategy while lending products and service offerings (Risk management disclosure, 2010). Setting an acceptable risk parameter. Maintaining an acceptable level of credit risk for the existing individual credit exposures. Maintaining acceptable levels in the overall credit risks for the portfolio of the bank. Coordinating the credit risk man agement and other risks that are inherent within the Bank’s business activities. Setting remedial and recovery measures and actions (Risk management disclosure, 2012). To effectively handle its credit policies and practices in the first bank of Nigeria, five departments have been formed that control and manage credit processing functions. This are- 1. Credit Analysis & Processing (CAP) which is responsible in developing the appraisal of non-specialized credit requests and processing in order to obtain requisite approvals that are in line with the Bank’s policies (Credit Risk Management, 2009). 2. Specialized Lending Department (SLD) is responsible for the appraisals of credit requests and processing till its final decision to sanction specialized types of credit which are peculiar because of the size and complexity involved in such transactions (Transformation, 2010). It handles departments like power, oil and gas both upstream and downstream, utilities such as water p rojects, etc, transportation like mass transit, aviation, commercial real estate business projects which are the business proposals that are conceived for commercial gain, infrastructure that would also include concessions in public assets. 3. Credit Risk Management (CRM) which is concerned with the planning, monitoring and the reporting of the credit portfolios (Principles for the Management of Credit Risk, 2012) 4. Remedial Management Unit (RMU) that would have a bias for the proactive work-out of accounts that would show early signs of weaknesses and 5. Classified Assets Management (CAM) that would be concerned with for the recovery of the classified retail loans which are 90 days past their due date, wholesale accounts that are classified as lost with days past their due period (DPD) by over 540 days and accounts that are written off from the on-balance sheet into their CAM SOL (Risk management disclosure, 2012). 4.2 Internal ratings scale In measuring the credit risk of loans a nd advances to their customers and to the banks at a counterparty level, the Group considers the following features. The first feature concentrates on the character and the capacity to make payments by the client or the counterparty on their contractual obligations. The second feature surrounds the current exposure of the bank to the counterparty and its likely development in future. The third and the last feature center around the credit history analysis of the counterparty and its likely recovery ratio in the cases of default obligations (Risk management disclosure, 2012). The Group also has internal credit limits for approval for various levels in the credit process. The levels are shown in the following table. Approval levels Investment grade